* HWRF MODEL OUTPUT * * four04e 2009071018 * FCST TIME (HR) 0 6 12 18 24 36 42 48 54 60 66 72 78 84 90 96 102 108 114 120 126 LATITUDE 10.2 10.4 10.5 10.7 10.9 11.2 11.1 11.4 11.6 11.6 11.7 12.0 12.2 12.4 12.6 13.0 13.4 13.6 14.0 14.3 14.5 LONGITUDE 113.2 114.4 115.5 116.6 117.6 119.9 121.1 122.2 123.3 124.3 125.4 126.4 127.5 128.6 129.6 130.5 131.7 132.7 133.9 135.1 136.4 MAX WIND (KTS) 29 48 53 49 51 56 54 59 55 61 64 71 70 73 74 73 68 69 67 72 74 RADIUS MW (KM) 55 46 52 51 53 35 51 33 45 42 42 30 34 41 37 35 37 35 40 39 37 MIN SLP (MB) 1006 996 995 993 994 990 987 983 983 982 975 969 970 972 969 969 972 973 974 971 972 STM SPD (KTS) 12 11 11 10 23 12 11 11 10 11 10 11 11 10 10 12 10 12 12 13 STM HDG (DEG) 280 275 280 282 278 265 286 281 270 275 287 281 281 282 295 289 282 289 284 279 SHR MAG (KTS) 3 2 3 5 8 10 8 5 3 4 3 2 3 4 4 4 6 9 10 10 11 SHR DIR (DEG) 253 59 68 108 65 71 67 81 92 111 163 243 248 241 256 228 202 217 224 213 214 MEAN SST (C) 29.0 28.9 28.9 29.0 29.0 28.6 28.4 28.3 28.3 28.4 28.5 28.6 28.4 28.1 27.7 27.6 27.5 27.4 27.1 26.9 26.5 200MB T (C) -53.1 -53.2 -53.3 -53.4 -53.4 -53.1 -53.3 -53.0 -53.1 -53.0 -53.2 -53.1 -52.9 -53.1 -53.1 -52.7 -52.9 -52.7 -52.8 -52.6 -52.5 700-500MB RH 83 80 78 77 73 73 77 77 70 68 59 58 53 49 49 50 44 42 40 40 38 LAND (KM) 1350 1421 1490 1528 1564 1670 1762 1825 1876 1940 2004 2059 2132 2200 2266 2305 2359 2427 2309 2172 2036 WH97 MPI (KTS) 148 147 146 148 148 143 141 140 141 141 142 143 141 138 135 133 132 131 128 125 122 * SST averaged in five closest points to storm center * * SHR, 200MB T, and 700-500MB RH averaged from 300-350km around storm center * * WH97 MPI is the Whitney-Hobgood (1997) Maximum Potential Intensity * ------------------------------------------------------ SOUNDING DATA ------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------- ALL VALUES AVERAGED FROM 300-350km AROUND STORM CENTER ---------------------------------- FCST TIME (HR) 0 6 12 18 24 36 42 48 54 60 66 72 78 84 90 96 102 108 114 120 126 p_sfc (MB) 1011 1008 1011 1008 1010 1009 1007 1010 1007 1009 1006 1008 1006 1008 1006 1009 1007 1009 1007 1010 1009 T_sfc (C) 28.8 28.8 28.8 28.7 28.5 28.4 28.4 28.3 28.3 28.3 28.2 28.1 27.9 27.8 27.7 27.4 27.2 27.1 26.9 26.7 26.6 RH_1013 (%) 80 79 81 82 82 85 86 85 84 85 87 85 87 85 88 87 88 88 89 88 88 Z_1013 (DM) -1 -3 -1 -3 -2 -3 -4 -2 -4 -3 -5 -3 -5 -4 -5 -3 -5 -3 -4 -2 -3 u_sfc (KTS) -5.4 -6.7 -7.9 -9.1 -6.8 -5.8 -6.7 -6.5 -7.9 -6.5 -8.8 -8.6 -8.7 -8.5 -8.0 -8.1 -8.4 -8.9 -9.8 -9.6 -10.5 v_sfc (KTS) 1.3 1.0 0.5 -0.1 0.8 0.1 0.2 -0.2 -1.8 -1.7 -3.6 -2.4 -2.7 -3.5 -3.1 -1.9 -2.9 -2.8 -3.1 -3.3 -3.5 T_1000 (C) 27.0 27.1 26.8 26.6 26.6 26.5 26.3 26.2 26.4 26.3 26.1 26.1 26.2 26.3 26.0 25.8 25.7 25.7 25.5 25.2 25.0 RH_1000 (%) 79 77 79 80 81 83 84 83 82 83 84 83 84 83 85 85 85 85 86 86 86 Z_1000 (DM) 10 7 9 7 8 8 6 8 6 8 5 7 5 7 5 7 6 7 6 8 8 u_1000 (KTS) -6.3 -7.6 -9.0 -10.5 -7.8 -6.7 -7.6 -7.5 -9.0 -7.6 -9.9 -9.8 -9.8 -9.7 -9.3 -9.4 -9.5 -10.2 -11.2 -11.2 -12.2 v_1000 (KTS) 1.4 1.1 0.6 -0.0 0.8 -0.1 0.2 -0.4 -2.1 -2.1 -4.1 -2.9 -3.1 -4.0 -3.6 -2.3 -3.3 -3.2 -3.5 -3.8 -4.0 T_950 (C) 23.0 23.0 22.9 22.6 22.5 22.5 22.4 22.3 22.3 22.4 22.3 22.1 22.2 22.2 21.9 21.8 21.7 21.7 21.6 21.3 21.1 RH_950 (%) 85 89 91 92 94 96 96 95 95 95 96 96 97 97 98 98 98 98 99 99 99 Z_950 (DM) 55 52 54 53 54 53 51 54 52 53 50 52 50 52 50 52 51 53 51 53 53 u_950 (KTS) -7.6 -8.5 -9.9 -11.6 -8.7 -7.6 -8.6 -8.6 -10.2 -8.6 -11.5 -11.2 -11.1 -10.9 -10.5 -10.6 -10.8 -11.5 -12.6 -12.5 -13.9 v_950 (KTS) 1.0 0.8 0.7 0.2 1.0 -0.0 0.5 -0.2 -2.2 -2.2 -4.6 -3.4 -3.4 -4.1 -3.8 -2.4 -3.3 -3.3 -3.3 -3.6 -3.7 T_900 (C) 20.3 19.6 19.7 19.6 19.5 19.7 19.6 19.7 19.7 19.7 19.4 19.6 19.4 19.3 19.3 19.2 19.1 19.0 18.8 18.7 18.5 RH_900 (%) 85 95 96 96 95 96 96 95 96 95 98 95 97 97 98 97 96 97 97 97 98 Z_900 (DM) 102 99 101 100 101 100 98 101 99 100 97 99 97 99 97 99 98 99 98 100 99 u_900 (KTS) -10.4 -10.3 -11.5 -12.6 -9.8 -9.0 -10.1 -10.3 -11.5 -10.0 -13.0 -12.4 -12.0 -11.9 -11.6 -11.2 -11.4 -11.9 -13.2 -12.9 -14.6 v_900 (KTS) 0.3 -0.1 0.3 0.2 1.7 1.3 1.9 1.0 -0.8 -1.5 -3.8 -2.2 -1.7 -2.1 -1.9 -0.1 -0.8 -0.6 -0.8 -1.0 -0.8 T_850 (C) 17.5 17.1 17.3 17.2 17.7 18.0 17.9 17.8 18.0 18.1 18.1 18.2 18.1 18.0 17.8 18.1 18.4 18.2 18.1 17.9 17.9 RH_850 (%) 83 86 86 87 85 85 87 88 86 83 84 81 83 83 85 82 78 77 75 76 77 Z_850 (DM) 151 149 151 149 150 149 148 150 148 149 147 149 147 148 147 149 147 149 147 149 149 u_850 (KTS) -12.7 -12.6 -11.8 -13.0 -11.1 -10.5 -11.3 -10.9 -12.2 -11.2 -13.5 -13.1 -12.5 -12.5 -12.0 -11.0 -10.9 -11.4 -12.4 -11.6 -13.3 v_850 (KTS) -1.1 -0.4 0.4 1.6 4.2 3.4 4.1 3.4 2.6 2.0 0.1 1.8 3.0 2.9 3.1 4.7 4.3 4.5 4.7 4.4 4.6 T_800 (C) 14.8 14.8 14.9 14.9 15.7 15.9 15.5 15.6 15.8 16.0 16.2 16.2 16.1 16.2 16.0 16.2 16.5 16.4 16.7 16.4 16.3 RH_800 (%) 88 85 84 84 82 84 86 86 83 81 79 76 75 74 75 72 68 66 62 62 63 Z_800 (DM) 203 200 202 200 202 201 199 202 200 201 198 200 198 200 198 200 199 200 199 201 200 u_800 (KTS) -13.7 -11.9 -9.7 -12.5 -11.2 -10.5 -11.1 -10.5 -11.9 -11.2 -13.0 -13.1 -12.8 -12.5 -12.1 -10.8 -10.9 -11.6 -12.4 -11.5 -13.1 v_800 (KTS) -0.6 1.4 1.9 2.6 4.8 3.5 4.0 3.5 2.9 2.8 1.2 2.1 3.6 3.1 3.1 4.9 4.7 4.5 5.3 4.9 4.8 T_750 (C) 11.6 12.3 12.5 12.6 13.1 13.1 12.8 12.8 13.1 13.2 13.6 13.4 13.6 13.8 13.8 13.6 13.9 13.9 14.0 13.9 13.7 RH_750 (%) 92 86 85 85 81 84 86 85 81 79 74 72 70 65 67 66 60 57 54 55 56 Z_750 (DM) 257 255 257 255 256 256 254 256 254 256 253 255 253 255 253 255 254 255 254 256 255 u_750 (KTS) -12.0 -10.4 -9.3 -12.7 -11.1 -10.4 -11.1 -10.6 -11.8 -11.1 -13.1 -13.1 -12.9 -12.1 -11.8 -10.2 -10.8 -11.3 -12.1 -11.6 -13.1 v_750 (KTS) 0.7 3.2 2.2 2.4 4.4 3.3 3.3 3.0 2.5 2.6 1.5 2.0 3.8 3.6 3.6 5.0 5.2 4.8 5.6 5.1 5.0 T_700 (C) 9.0 9.7 9.8 9.8 10.3 10.3 9.9 9.9 10.2 10.4 10.8 10.6 10.7 11.2 10.9 10.8 11.1 11.0 11.2 10.9 10.8 RH_700 (%) 90 86 85 86 80 82 85 84 78 75 68 67 65 60 60 61 54 52 49 50 51 Z_700 (DM) 315 312 314 313 314 314 312 314 312 314 311 313 311 312 311 313 312 313 312 314 313 u_700 (KTS) -10.7 -10.0 -9.5 -12.6 -10.7 -11.0 -11.5 -11.0 -11.5 -11.1 -12.9 -12.9 -12.7 -11.0 -11.0 -9.5 -10.5 -10.8 -12.1 -12.0 -13.3 v_700 (KTS) 2.2 3.1 1.1 1.3 2.6 2.1 2.3 2.5 2.2 2.2 1.5 2.0 3.9 4.1 4.2 4.9 5.4 4.7 5.5 5.2 5.0 T_650 (C) 6.7 6.8 6.9 6.8 7.2 7.2 6.8 6.6 7.1 7.2 7.8 7.6 7.8 8.2 8.0 7.7 8.0 7.9 8.1 7.8 7.7 RH_650 (%) 86 84 83 85 80 80 83 82 75 72 64 63 59 55 54 55 50 48 45 44 44 Z_650 (DM) 376 374 376 374 376 375 373 375 373 375 372 374 372 374 372 374 373 374 373 375 374 u_650 (KTS) -10.6 -10.5 -9.7 -11.9 -10.5 -11.7 -11.3 -11.0 -10.9 -10.7 -11.9 -12.0 -11.5 -9.9 -10.3 -8.9 -10.1 -10.5 -12.1 -12.6 -13.4 v_650 (KTS) 0.9 1.4 -0.5 -0.7 0.3 1.0 1.6 2.1 2.0 1.6 1.3 2.4 4.0 4.3 4.9 5.3 5.6 4.4 4.9 5.0 5.2 T_600 (C) 3.6 3.4 3.5 3.4 3.8 3.8 3.4 3.3 3.8 3.7 4.6 4.1 4.6 4.8 4.6 4.2 4.7 4.5 4.7 4.4 4.3 RH_600 (%) 84 82 80 81 80 76 80 78 71 69 60 58 53 50 49 51 46 43 40 39 38 Z_600 (DM) 441 439 441 439 441 440 439 441 439 440 438 440 438 440 438 440 439 440 439 441 440 u_600 (KTS) -10.2 -10.3 -9.2 -10.9 -10.7 -12.1 -11.0 -11.0 -10.5 -10.1 -10.9 -10.4 -10.1 -9.4 -10.1 -8.8 -10.0 -10.6 -12.4 -13.1 -13.2 v_600 (KTS) -0.8 -0.4 -2.5 -2.8 -1.9 0.6 0.7 1.5 1.7 1.4 1.9 3.1 4.3 4.5 5.8 6.0 5.7 4.1 4.6 5.0 5.2 T_550 (C) -0.1 -0.2 -0.2 -0.4 -0.1 0.2 -0.2 -0.7 0.2 -0.2 0.7 0.4 1.0 1.1 0.8 0.3 0.8 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.5 RH_550 (%) 81 77 74 72 71 71 75 75 66 65 55 53 46 44 45 48 41 38 36 36 33 Z_550 (DM) 512 509 511 509 511 511 509 511 509 511 508 510 508 510 508 510 509 510 509 511 510 u_550 (KTS) -9.0 -9.6 -8.8 -10.7 -10.9 -12.2 -10.9 -11.0 -10.3 -9.4 -9.9 -8.5 -9.0 -9.5 -10.6 -9.5 -10.6 -11.5 -13.3 -13.8 -12.9 v_550 (KTS) -1.7 -2.2 -4.1 -3.8 -3.2 -0.8 -1.2 0.5 1.6 1.8 3.0 4.1 4.6 5.1 6.6 6.0 5.3 3.9 4.4 4.8 4.8 T_500 (C) -4.4 -4.4 -4.6 -4.6 -4.1 -3.9 -4.2 -4.8 -3.8 -4.2 -3.3 -3.8 -3.2 -3.2 -3.3 -3.7 -3.3 -3.3 -3.4 -3.9 -3.6 RH_500 (%) 73 66 64 56 51 55 58 64 56 55 45 45 38 33 34 35 28 25 26 27 23 Z_500 (DM) 587 585 587 585 587 587 584 586 585 586 584 586 584 586 584 586 585 586 585 587 586 u_500 (KTS) -9.0 -10.3 -9.5 -10.4 -9.8 -10.3 -9.1 -10.1 -9.4 -8.4 -8.9 -6.8 -8.4 -9.7 -11.2 -9.9 -11.4 -12.6 -14.1 -14.2 -13.1 v_500 (KTS) -2.2 -3.1 -4.3 -4.0 -4.2 -2.7 -3.0 0.5 2.1 2.7 4.4 4.9 4.4 5.8 6.5 4.6 3.4 2.5 3.2 3.2 3.3 T_450 (C) -9.1 -9.0 -9.3 -9.2 -8.9 -8.4 -8.8 -9.2 -8.3 -8.8 -8.2 -8.6 -8.1 -7.9 -7.9 -8.3 -8.0 -7.9 -7.8 -8.3 -8.0 RH_450 (%) 62 51 46 42 39 34 42 49 44 44 34 36 29 21 20 22 18 16 14 15 14 Z_450 (DM) 670 667 669 667 669 669 667 668 667 669 667 668 667 669 667 668 667 669 667 669 668 u_450 (KTS) -9.4 -10.4 -9.1 -8.9 -6.8 -6.5 -7.1 -8.6 -8.0 -7.7 -8.5 -6.9 -8.6 -9.3 -10.4 -9.1 -11.0 -12.2 -13.6 -14.0 -14.0 v_450 (KTS) -3.3 -4.8 -6.1 -6.2 -6.5 -4.0 -2.3 1.6 2.7 3.2 4.0 4.0 2.5 3.9 3.9 0.9 -0.6 -0.8 -0.5 -0.5 -0.3 T_400 (C) -14.7 -14.7 -14.9 -14.7 -14.6 -14.1 -14.2 -14.4 -13.8 -14.1 -13.7 -14.2 -13.9 -13.7 -13.8 -14.2 -14.2 -14.2 -14.2 -14.3 -14.2 RH_400 (%) 48 36 30 32 30 25 30 36 31 31 24 26 20 15 13 15 12 11 10 11 10 Z_400 (DM) 760 757 759 757 759 759 757 759 758 759 757 759 757 759 757 759 758 759 758 759 758 u_400 (KTS) -7.7 -9.5 -8.3 -7.0 -5.6 -5.9 -6.7 -7.4 -6.8 -7.0 -7.9 -6.3 -8.1 -7.8 -8.8 -7.9 -10.0 -10.7 -12.1 -12.3 -12.6 v_400 (KTS) -4.0 -5.5 -6.5 -5.8 -5.8 -2.6 -0.0 2.6 3.1 2.7 2.2 1.8 0.2 0.9 0.7 -2.0 -2.2 -1.1 -1.7 -1.6 -1.8 T_350 (C) -21.8 -21.7 -21.6 -21.6 -21.8 -21.3 -21.2 -21.2 -21.2 -21.2 -21.2 -21.2 -21.2 -21.1 -21.1 -21.4 -21.4 -21.3 -21.4 -21.8 -21.8 RH_350 (%) 44 29 26 32 35 32 32 36 34 29 25 24 19 15 13 14 12 11 10 10 11 Z_350 (DM) 859 857 859 857 859 859 857 858 858 859 857 858 857 859 857 858 858 859 858 859 858 u_350 (KTS) -8.4 -11.8 -9.2 -8.6 -8.4 -10.0 -8.4 -7.7 -7.0 -7.0 -8.5 -6.6 -8.4 -7.2 -8.2 -7.5 -8.5 -8.4 -8.7 -9.2 -10.0 v_350 (KTS) -4.5 -5.0 -3.4 -2.2 -1.7 -0.8 1.5 2.7 3.2 2.4 1.7 1.3 0.4 1.6 1.9 0.2 1.1 2.2 0.7 0.3 -0.6 T_300 (C) -30.4 -30.1 -30.0 -30.2 -30.6 -30.2 -30.1 -30.0 -30.1 -30.1 -30.2 -30.2 -30.2 -30.1 -30.1 -30.2 -30.2 -30.0 -30.3 -30.5 -30.7 RH_300 (%) 45 36 35 39 49 46 39 37 36 29 27 26 21 17 16 17 14 10 11 13 12 Z_300 (DM) 971 968 970 968 970 971 968 970 969 970 969 970 969 971 969 970 969 970 969 970 969 u_300 (KTS) -11.4 -14.9 -10.4 -10.8 -11.6 -12.2 -10.4 -8.4 -8.2 -7.9 -8.9 -6.1 -7.8 -6.7 -7.7 -7.8 -8.1 -6.9 -6.0 -6.6 -8.1 v_300 (KTS) -3.1 -3.1 -0.6 0.6 1.7 0.9 2.2 2.6 3.6 3.0 2.8 1.7 1.4 2.7 2.5 1.9 4.4 5.2 3.0 3.1 2.4 T_250 (C) -40.8 -40.5 -40.5 -40.6 -40.9 -40.9 -40.9 -40.8 -40.9 -40.5 -41.1 -41.1 -40.7 -40.5 -40.4 -40.4 -40.5 -40.3 -40.6 -40.7 -40.7 RH_250 (%) 38 45 51 50 53 52 40 40 39 32 34 30 24 23 20 15 15 16 17 15 17 Z_250 (DM) 1098 1095 1097 1095 1097 1097 1095 1097 1096 1097 1096 1097 1096 1098 1096 1097 1096 1097 1096 1097 1096 u_250 (KTS) -13.1 -15.9 -10.7 -14.0 -16.0 -15.9 -14.3 -12.2 -11.8 -10.7 -11.1 -7.9 -8.3 -6.2 -6.4 -7.1 -6.9 -5.0 -3.9 -4.1 -6.5 v_250 (KTS) -1.5 -2.0 -0.7 1.4 3.1 1.4 2.1 2.7 4.0 3.4 3.7 2.9 3.4 4.5 3.1 3.1 5.7 7.3 6.9 6.9 7.5 T_200 (C) -53.1 -53.2 -53.3 -53.4 -53.4 -53.1 -53.3 -53.0 -53.1 -53.0 -53.2 -53.1 -52.9 -53.1 -53.1 -52.7 -52.9 -52.7 -52.8 -52.6 -52.5 RH_200 (%) 29 55 56 53 47 47 38 42 43 37 45 47 47 49 40 35 31 32 34 34 34 Z_200 (DM) 1245 1243 1245 1243 1245 1245 1243 1245 1244 1245 1243 1244 1243 1245 1243 1245 1244 1245 1244 1245 1244 u_200 (KTS) -9.9 -14.7 -14.5 -18.3 -18.4 -20.1 -18.6 -16.3 -15.2 -14.6 -14.5 -10.9 -9.9 -9.0 -7.8 -8.3 -8.7 -5.9 -5.3 -6.2 -7.0 v_200 (KTS) -0.2 -1.7 -0.7 3.3 0.8 0.1 1.0 2.5 2.7 3.3 3.3 2.9 4.1 4.8 4.1 7.1 9.8 11.9 12.1 12.7 14.2 T_150 (C) -68.7 -68.1 -67.7 -67.7 -67.2 -67.0 -67.8 -67.6 -67.7 -67.1 -67.4 -66.7 -67.0 -66.8 -66.7 -66.7 -66.9 -66.9 -67.2 -66.8 -66.8 RH_150 (%) 26 47 41 41 37 40 41 49 41 44 46 49 50 46 48 56 51 48 56 50 49 Z_150 (DM) 1423 1422 1424 1422 1424 1424 1422 1423 1423 1424 1422 1424 1422 1424 1423 1424 1423 1425 1423 1425 1424 u_150 (KTS) -14.3 -18.6 -17.2 -19.9 -16.2 -15.1 -18.8 -15.4 -13.8 -12.7 -9.2 -7.9 -10.0 -8.0 -8.6 -12.6 -13.4 -12.4 -9.9 -9.1 -11.3 v_150 (KTS) -5.5 -3.9 -2.7 2.6 2.1 -1.2 -0.3 2.3 -0.1 -0.5 0.4 1.1 2.8 2.2 0.9 3.3 7.5 8.3 9.4 14.2 15.7 T_100 (C) -76.2 -76.1 -76.0 -77.1 -78.0 -76.5 -76.8 -77.4 -75.8 -77.8 -76.2 -77.6 -76.8 -77.6 -78.4 -77.9 -77.0 -77.5 -77.5 -76.7 -76.6 RH_100 (%) 24 22 15 12 14 10 13 15 8 15 10 17 14 18 24 23 19 22 23 20 20 Z_100 (DM) 1660 1658 1660 1658 1660 1661 1658 1659 1659 1661 1659 1660 1659 1661 1659 1660 1659 1661 1659 1661 1660 u_100 (KTS) -17.8 -16.6 -14.4 -11.5 -13.8 -17.0 -18.6 -20.1 -21.6 -17.7 -17.0 -11.8 -14.0 -13.1 -16.4 -16.9 -20.6 -18.3 -21.7 -18.1 -15.9 v_100 (KTS) 0.8 4.1 5.6 1.4 -3.0 -2.8 -3.1 -3.2 0.9 -1.2 -0.4 0.2 -0.8 -2.9 -1.5 0.8 4.8 7.0 8.7 8.4 10.1 T_50 (C) -66.7 -67.0 -67.3 -67.7 -68.5 -69.0 -69.4 -69.7 -69.8 -69.8 -69.8 -69.9 -69.8 -69.5 -69.6 -69.7 -69.6 -69.6 -69.4 -69.6 -69.2 RH_50 (%) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Z_50 (DM) 2069 2068 2069 2066 2069 2069 2068 2072 2071 2071 2070 2071 2070 2072 2069 2072 2073 2075 2072 2074 2072 u_50 (KTS) -15.9 -20.2 -26.0 -25.7 -26.3 -30.6 -28.9 -21.9 -23.1 -26.8 -36.4 -31.7 -34.8 -40.7 -39.2 -34.2 -37.2 -38.6 -36.5 -33.6 -43.9 v_50 (KTS) -2.6 -5.2 4.0 4.3 7.0 0.5 3.5 11.0 1.2 -2.6 5.2 9.1 -0.6 -2.9 4.5 7.1 6.3 7.1 7.4 4.4 2.7